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信托公司設立信托前為什麼要進行商業可行性評估？答：對信托公司整體運營而言，儲存信托計劃的商業可行性是必須予以考慮的。商業可行性通常包括收益、成本、風險等三個方面的綜合評價：收益既包括信托報酬收入等直接利得，也包括資源、渠道、品牌、客戶等方面的隱形收益和戰略利益；成本不僅包括管理運營信托產品所導致的直接支出，也包括相應的隱形支出和沉沒成本以及對機會成本的評價；風險的評價則力求全面和準確，覆蓋信托產品涉及的各個方面(如宏觀、市場、交易對手、信用增級等)和各個環節(如前中後台的操作)，也覆蓋信托產品的整個生命周期。信托公司設立信托前為什麼要進行運營可行性評估?答：由於信托產品具有非常突出的靈活性、差異性和複雜性，因此，信托產品的運營管理成為難以規範、難以明確、難以評估的重要方面。通常情況下，運營可行性的評估主要包括四個方面：一是市場營銷方面，包括信托公司的自身渠道和第三方渠道是擁有豐富的合格投資者，能否為信托計劃提供充分資金來源並完成足額及時的銷售任務；二是後台運營方面，包括持續管理、資金運用、定期報告、監督檢查、信息披露、結算清算等具體事項能夠在現有的人力物力條件下作出妥善安排，不會影響信托計劃運行的進度和質量；三是IT支持方面，即估值清算、賬戶管理、支付結算等需要信息技術予以支持的環節，信托計劃能夠在現有技術條件下全面完成或略作改進後可以完成；四是風險控制方面，即信托公司能夠為管理信托計劃而實施必要且有效的風險控制措施，包括有效新蒲崗迷你倉風險識別、風險監督和風險預警，特別是信托計劃出現相關風險隱患或風險事項時，信托公司應當能夠及時高效地進行處理，如開展信用增級、資產保全、抵質押物處置、法律訴訟等。何謂信托生效要件?答：我國《信托法》規定了“信托的設立”，對信托生效的特殊條件作了規定。信托的生效要件主要有四個：一是信托當事人生效要件；二是信托財產生效要件；三是信托行為生效要件；四是信托目的生效要件。什麼是信托盡職調查?答：盡職調查是信托產品設立過程中的重要環節。盡職調查又稱謹慎性調查，是指信托產品各方達成初步合作意向後，經協商一致，信托公司作為受托人，就本次信托相關的各類事項開展的現場調查、信息收集、資料分析等一系列活動。為什麼設立信托一定要開展盡職調查?答：簡單而言，盡職調查目的是通過核實信托產品的基本要素和信托交易各方的基本信息，發現問題，發現價值，確保信托產品的合法性、風險可控性，從而保證信托產品開展的可行性。從信托公司的角度看，盡職調查是進行業務風險管理的起始。在投融資活動中，交易雙方對目標公司或項目主體的信息掌握程度是不對稱的，資金需求方對將要出售或者信托的各類資產相關情況非常清楚，而信托公司對該信息的知悉程度遠不如資金需求方。所以，開展各方面的盡職調查是推動公司科學決策、完成後續商業交易、控制管理各類風險的重要前提。信托公司通過開展盡職調查可以迅速識別項 目中的各種風險，挖掘出目標企業或項目的現金流和成長點，辨別出投融資計劃或客戶陳述中的不准確之處。mini storage

以服裝生意起家的浙江經發集團，迷你倉新蒲崗後進入住宿和旅遊，最後醉心投資金融股權，利用金融股權質押便利，融資進行再擴張。這是我國不少企業從實業到虛擬經濟，從低負債到高杠杆運行的典型樣本。李克強總理上任以來的新政被學界、機構歸納為“李克強經濟學”，其核心內容即“不出台刺激措施、去杠杆化和結構性改革”。通過浙江經發集團這一樣本的調查，可以窺見企業高杠杆運行的破壞性以及去杠杆之痛。1陷入困境的經發む這是浙江互保、聯保危機中，又一家走到了處置資產還債頹境的大型企業。め6月底，一場由浙江多家拍賣公司聯合推介的銀行股權拍賣引起了不少企業關注，此次拍賣標的是浙江經發實業集團有限公司(下稱“經發集團”)持有的徽商銀行8500萬股股權，起拍價為2.59億元。在紹興甚至整個浙江地區，企業界對經發集團並不陌生。該集團創始于1992年，註冊資本5.87億元，集團總部位於浙江諸暨市，管理中心設在杭州市，曾被評為 中國民營企業500強。據其官網介紹，集團擁有資產30億，員工3000多名，產業涉及旅遊、酒店、金融、房地產、紡織製造、對外貿易等。據悉，2012年，該公司因陷入杭州、紹興等地互保、聯保危機，一度經營困難。“此次拍賣的申請人是民生銀行，委托人是浙江寧波市中級人民法院。”浙江一位知情人士表示，“但這次(徽商銀行8500萬股權)拍賣最後流拍了，下次拍賣具體時間還要等法院通知。”2小裁縫的發家路む僅僅20幾年的時間，完成了從小服裝廠到中國民企500強的發展之路。め浙江經發集團董事長鐘浙曉，1964年生。多次上榜中國內地500富豪榜，紹興市第五屆人大代表，複旦大學董事會董事，中南財經政法大學兼職教授。鐘浙曉自小家境貧寒，初中畢業後拜師學藝做了裁縫。1983年，隨著改革開發的大潮，不到20歲的鐘浙曉開始創辦諸暨市呢絨服裝廠。用了10年時間，鐘浙曉將服裝廠經營得初具規模，並練就了敏銳的市場嗅覺。1992年，中國的房地產市場有所放開，嗅覺靈敏的鐘迅速組建了諸暨市經濟建設總公司，開發商業住宅小區，當年用了不到4個月便獲利120余萬元。這在當時是一筆巨資。此後兩年，房地產經營讓鐘賺得盆滿缽滿。1994年左右，三十而立的鐘浙曉再次燃起創業激情，彼時中國的賓館旅遊業才開始起步，鐘浙曉多次趕往深圳、廣州學習經驗，最後成立了諸暨市第一家最豪華的酒店———晶都大酒店。同年，他募資控股參與諸暨市人民政府招待所的第一期改擴建工程建設；又與諸暨市人民政府簽訂了承包經營市人民政府招待所的協議，盡享了國內第一批事業單位改製的紅利。1995年，鐘浙曉成立了浙江經發實業集團，統籌旗下的紡織、房地產和酒店生意。5年後，諸暨市政府憑借“西施故里”的優勢，致力創建全國4A級旅遊景區。而鐘浙曉認為旅遊、度假將成為大趨勢，當年即投資8000多萬元建設浙江五泄度假村。2005年，鐘浙曉進軍杭州，並成立浙江百瑞旅業集團，專業從事旅遊業、酒店業的投資和經營管理，先後投資建成浙江百瑞、杭州百瑞、江西百瑞、合肥百瑞等十來家星級酒店。據諸暨政府披露，2006年，浙江經發集團總資產在10億元左右，並已進入中國民營企業500強，浙江服務業80強。“當時，經發集團已經在以百瑞旅業為主體做上市籌備工作，當時諸暨上市企業只有寥寥幾家。”有知情人士稱。3入股銀行む經發集團參股的銀行包括浙商銀行、諸暨農商行、徽商銀行等。め2004年，浙江省唯一一家股份制銀行浙商銀行正在籌備設立中，其前身為浙江商業銀行，是一家中外合資銀行，為了重組成內資股份行，浙商銀行開始在省內主要民營企業中遴選股東。當年，包括浙江廣廈、浙江萬向控股在內的約20家浙江主要民營企業均參股浙商銀行，浙江經發集團也認購3.57億股，占總股本的2.38%，位列第13大股東。據瞭解，鐘浙曉2005年即被選為浙商銀行監事，進入“董監高”管理層行列；同年，浙江經發集團也獲批了1400萬流動資金貸款，貸款利率為5.22%。“銀行股權質押比率很高，超過一般資產，民營企業投資入股銀行後，通常會將股權質押進行融資，從而盤活資產，有效提高資金使用杠杆。”一家股份行諸暨支行負責人表示。通過查閱浙江地區湖州銀行、浙商銀行等幾家銀行的數據可以發現，這些銀行的民營企業股東幾乎100%地質押了股權，包括浙江經發集團。2012年末，該公司浙商銀行股權質押占比99.91%。事實上，早期投資銀行股，單就分迷你倉出租和資本增值早已不菲。以浙商銀行為例，該行去年末每股淨資產2.27元，淨資產收益率在18.55%；2013年，浙商銀行更是拋出28億元的分紅大單。嘗到金融投資甜頭後，鐘浙曉又先後入股了諸暨農村商業銀行(原諸暨農村合作銀行)、徽商銀行。據上述股份行諸暨支行負責人稱，鐘浙曉就是在該行征集發起人時候成為其股東的，目前也擔任了諸暨農村商業銀行的監事。鐘浙曉與諸暨農商行“關係不淺”。例如，2007年，諸暨農商行建造的豐銀國際大酒店，就通過競拍由浙江經發集團旗下的百瑞旅業接管，並擁有10年經營權。浙江經發集團旗下還擁有8500萬股徽商銀行股權，據瞭解，這筆股權已全部質押于銀行融資。有知情人士透露，2012年4月份，資金鏈處於斷裂邊緣的經發集團還試圖將徽商銀行股權質押進行信托融資，但未成功。4轉戰金融投資む鐘浙曉涉獵銀行、保險、投資基金等主要金融領域，實業投資占比一降再降。め投資金融股權後再將其質押，獲得新的融資，經發集團用這些錢進行了新一輪的擴張。2005年後，該公司10余家百瑞大酒店迅速開遍浙江、江西、安徽等省份。“星級酒店投資是一個很消耗資金的項目，但是做起來後，資產規模也會膨脹很快。”上述股份行負責人稱。可以說，浙江經發集團已經事實上走向了虛擬化和高杠杆之路。據經發集團披露，2011年該集團資產已有30億元，若根據這一數據計算，2006年之後的5年，該集團資產膨脹了3倍。除了銀行股權，2007年，浙江經發集團會同巨化集團、浙江永利集團等9家發起人共同成立了浙江首家全國性保險公司———信泰人壽保險股份有限公司，註冊資本3.5億元，鐘浙曉也在此後一段時間擔任信泰人壽董事。知情人士表示，2008年，浙江經發集團還同該省幾家大型企業和主流媒體合伙成立了一家創投基金，基金規模在3億-4億元，為當時浙江最大的創業投資基金，專門從事擬上市企業的股權投資。對於這一投資的背景，鐘浙曉曾經的講話中可見端倪。“諸暨市是全國百強縣，中小企業多，產業機構多元，政府也鼓勵民間資本流向創業投資領域。”支撐資產高杠杆膨脹的，除了金融股權質押和土地等資產抵押外，經發集團還和浙江其他幾家大型民營企業有著互保、聯保關係，以獲得更多融資。據瞭解，和經發集團存在擔保關係的企業包括浙江康輝銅業、浙江冠軍集團等，擁有間接擔保關係的包括江蘇天煜置業等。例如，浙江經發旗下百瑞旅業的一筆1400萬貸款，就曾找冠軍集團進行擔保。2012年，浙江引爆了擔保圈危機，經發集團受到牽連。彼時，銀行開始收貸，這是經發集團高杠杆擴張最不願看到的局面。為了維持資金鏈，2012年年中，浙江經發集團曾試圖以百瑞旅業為平台，向新時代信托進行融資，做最後一搏。不過，可能由於徽商銀行的股權問題，新時代信托沒有立項這一項目。5重組進行時む在當地政府協助下，目前採取“請進來、抱攏來、送出去”等多種形式引進資金進行重組。め浙江經發集團債務規模幾何，據諸暨市政府介入瞭解後，向債權人通報的數據是：經發集團資產和債務相抵後，資產仍多出七八億元。若根據浙江經發集團30億元資產規模計算，其銀行和個人債務在20億元左右。有消息稱，去年下半年，浙江經發集團一直在諸暨政府牽頭下進行重組，主要是切斷民間融資，並進行債務重組，還有引進戰略投資者注入資金。“重組還在進行中，重組方案已定下來了，操作有兩個月了，市政府在牽頭，我們不掌握具體情況。”浙江經發集團一位人士表示。但對於引進戰略投資者，以及處置徽商銀行股權情況則未予回應。經發集團旗下的酒店等資產也在處置當中，據銀行負責人稱，目前，經發集團旗下位於諸暨的一家酒店百瑞香江大酒店已停業，此前百瑞財富大廈準備改造成酒店，現在也沒有了動作。據瞭解，該集團的重組目前採取“請進來、抱攏來、送出去”等形式，“請進 來”就是引進願意參與重組的戰略投資人輸入資金，盤活資產，使企業經營正常；“抱攏來”就是鼓勵債權人採用債權置換股權的方式消化債務，使這些債權人有信心作為經發的股東，抱團繼續經營，共渡難關；“送出去”就是債權人協商一致，讓一部人債權人用以資抵債的形式，撥離一部分債務和資產，減輕重組負擔，實現企業瘦身，這種模式正在有序推進。結語鐘浙曉涉獵了銀行、保險、投資基金等主要的金融領域，金融在該公司資產中的比例越來越大，相對應的，實業投資占比已然下降。某種程度上說，浙江經發集團是江浙乃至全國經濟的一個縮影。儲存倉

證券時報記者 羅克關上周經合組織（OECD）發佈的一則消息，儲存應該足以讓市場警惕中期可能出現的資金異動狀況。記者注意到，OECD在8月8日公佈的月度綜合領先指標（CLIs）顯示，當前世界主要經濟體的經濟增長動能已經出現分化。OECD的結論是，大多數發達經濟體增長已經較為穩固，經濟複蘇的勢頭開始增強，但是以金磚五國為代表的大多數新興國家市場，其增長勢頭卻正在出現放緩的勢頭。這個判斷如果成立，那將意味著從2009年開始由新興國家市場充當全球經濟增長火車頭的格局正在發生變化，發達經濟體有可能會重新接過領跑棒。退一步講，即便並沒有達到格局轉換的臨界點，經濟增長動能此消彼長的過程也將可能延續。而這個過程，將會對全球資本的流向產生更加直接的影響。其中原因在於，美聯儲放風�動政策退出，主要是對市場預期產生影響。而一旦經濟基本面也出現同步變化，資本在不同國家和地區收益率的分化實現，那跨國資本的流向逆轉將會更加義無反顧。如果資本流動的規模足夠大，就必須警惕其對經濟和金融系統帶來的衝擊。對於剛剛經歷6月末銀行間市場資金緊張的中國市場來說，這顯然意味著“錢荒”的陰影不會就此輕易離去。央行近期的公開市場操作風向，似乎也在悄然匹配這一變化——6月20日，在今年最後一期央行票據發行完成之後，央行在長達一個多月的時間內暫停回籠貨幣，持續向市場釋放到期資金；而在7月30日，逆回購在暫停7個多月之後再度歸來，向市場加大資金注入力度的格局再度成型。這種巧合併非偶然。6月份的外匯占款數據其實已經給出預警，央行數據顯示，中國金融機構2013年6月外匯占款餘額減少412.05億元，為2012年11月以來首新蒲崗迷你倉出現負增長。而隨著上周7月份貨幣信貸數據的出爐，下半年是否有需要降准的爭論也開始悄然蔓延了開來。記者以為，從目前來看佐證OECD結論的依據主要是短期數據，中長期趨勢依然有待觀察。但所謂未雨綢繆，在只有輕微跡象出現之時做好應對預案也屬必要。因為如果這種經濟增長動能的分化成為現實，那麼中國所面臨的貨幣政策環境會隨之發生劇烈改變，維持市場平穩的難度也會更大。最大的困難，在於如何面對有可能發生的資金面劇烈波動。根據8月2日公佈的央行二季度貨幣政策執行報告，目前央行的政策工具箱內共有“公開市場操作、存款準備金率、再貸款、再貼現及短期流動性調節工具、常備借貸便利”等6大類流動性管理工具。央行的態度也非常明確，就是將運用上述這些工具組合來“管理和調節好銀行體系流動性”。其次，則是如何面對杠杆率過高的企業和政府平台。在資金不斷湧入的環境下，這一問題的解決難度要相對容易，因為即便銀行體系停止向其融資，其他市場渠道也能比較容易滿足其資金需求。換言之，用時間換空間的可能性依然存在。但是在資金開始退潮的情況下，銀行體系之外的其他資金補給渠道一旦被切斷，這些問題就會很容易集中得以暴露。無獨有偶，審計署剛于近期�動對地方債的全面摸查。記者相信，資金面可能出現波動應是技術層面的考慮之一。最後，當資金流入對匯率持續形成升值壓力，一旦轉為資金流出而形成的貶值壓力，央行應該如何增大彈性空間給予應對？進一步放鬆資本項目的管制，用市場動能來化解衝擊是可行的選項之一。巧合的是，8月5日國家外匯管理局公佈的2013年年中分局長電視電話會議簡要中，也開始重點強調要“堅持深化改革，穩步推進人民幣資本項目可兌換”。mini storage

bjrb.bjd.com.cn/html/2013-08/12/content_98556.htm...央行：7月新增貸款6999億元 本報訊（記者 楊汛）央行日前發佈7月份金融數據顯示，self storage7月人民幣貸款增加6999億元，同比多增1598億元，略高于業...

【林巧雁╱台北報導】行動上網愈來愈普及，mini storage銀行行動App服務已成趨勢，把手機與平板電腦變成隨身銀行，理財也更輕鬆。許多銀行都會推專屬App，即使不是該銀行客戶也可下載使用，內容包羅萬象，除實用的金融理財資訊外，也有匯率、貸款試算等服務，甚至還享有購物折扣優惠。 國泰世華銀行新推出的記帳App軟體「我的理財筆記本」，每日可記收入與支出，其他好用內容包含貸款試算，或是保險還本的計算、金融資訊查詢等。 股票基金隨時下單 國泰世華銀行電子金融部經理林維恰表示，我的理財筆記本可說是記錄日常收支的記帳幫手，使用者可將收支以月曆方式顯示在主畫面上，也可設定每月支出預算，掌握當月花費有無超支。此外，也提供貼心設計，若有款項匯入或轉帳會有推播訊息，手機馬上跳出類似簡訊提醒民眾。且不必等到回家或到辦公室才查詢股票基金漲跌，隨時可下單，趴趴走也能理財。林維恰說，銀行也特別為Win 8設計客製化功能，使用者可將想要觀察的特定匯、利率直接鎖定到主畫面，如指定人民幣與美元兩種貨幣，主畫面會直接呈self storage這兩檔幣別報價，不需要每次都在一團數字中尋找。至於花旗銀行信用卡卡友眾多，特別注重消費資訊服務，提供手機可訂餐廳與電影票，花旗銀主管說，客戶最喜歡的是定位地圖搜尋附近優惠折扣的餐廳，還可團購日常用品。 花旗瞄準消費資訊 花旗台灣推出的「花旗行動生活家」，特色是整合金融服務與生活消費優惠訊息，消費者透過手機隨時隨地可轉帳、繳生活帳單費用、折抵花旗信用卡紅利，還能連結到合作的知名商家平台，享有憑花旗卡手機電影訂票優惠與購物折扣。據花旗消費者研究調查指出，民眾認為透過智慧手機完成銀行帳戶查詢、信用卡帳戶查詢、消費交易明細等功能是相當重要的，此外，國人也愈來愈倚賴手機完成其他生活需求，如查詢信用卡優惠商店，或消費折扣、訂票服務等。花旗銀主管說，App除提供每日最新財經新聞、經濟指標、全球指數、基金淨值資訊等查詢之外，還可繳交41種生活帳單（電信、瓦斯、有線電視、停車費等）。星展銀行的App服務，則提供不少市場評論、經濟走勢與投資報告，並搭配各國匯率試算，方便民眾隨時換算外幣匯率。迷你倉

　　雖然制定加強監管銷售投資相連壽險計畫的新指引涉及其他監管機構，迷你倉沙田但金管局向銀行發出的指引則屬「加辣版」，較保監處規管保險代理更嚴格。有銀行界人士指出，由於銀行和保險代理的佣金披露要求並不一致，有欠公平，令銀行處於不利的競爭形勢，業界已向當局反映意見。保險代理佣金披露較寬鬆　　有銀行界人士坦言，在新指引下，銷售投連險產品的手續變得十分繁複，執行細節上毫無彈性，令整個銷售過程太花時間，迷你倉價錢軏要45分鐘或以上，銀行自然覺得不值得銷售投連險。　　另有銀行銷售主管指出，銀行紛紛停售投連險其中一大原因，就是佣金披露方面要求與保險代理不一致，保監處容許保險代理將佣金分攤多年來披露，但金管局則要求銀行一次過披露收取的總佣金，由於投連險的佣金主要集中在首年，故在披露佣金方面，銀行處於極不利的位置。據他所知，保監處擬於今年底可能與金管局就劃一披露佣金的處理方法作出商討，惟業界不抱厚望。迷你倉庫

Traders focused on Fed tapering, not economy: analystsAFTER last week's tumble, the Dow Jones Industrial Average may steady itself to hit yet more all-time highs barring surprises from the Federal Reserve.mini storageA jittery market has become an excitable market. In the 2013 rally, investors have ceased worrying about the next crisis and started to worry about missing out on the next rally.Despite losing ground last week, the Dow is up nearly 20 per cent this year and is only about 2 per cent from its record highs. Almost every time the index took a big hit last week, it drew buying from bulls instead of the pile-on of bears market watchers have come to expect.Second-quarter earnings season is far from a runaway success, with companies warning of slowing demand. But investors had apparently expected worse. More than two thirds of the 446 companies from the S&P 500 who have reported earnings have exceeded the Wall Street target.By and large, the jobs market is at its strongest since before the Great Recession; even if new jobs are not appearing, layoffs are less common.Most analysts say the recent downdraft on the stock market had little to do with economic or corporate outlook. Rather, traders are making odds on the timing and pace of the Federal Reserve's plan to withdraw its stimulus programme.On sessions when the case for "tapering" appears to strengthen, mortgage and Treasury rates rise while gold miners, financial and home-building shares lead the stock market down. On sessions when the case for keeping rates low is strengthened, the fortunes of all those investments are reversed.Why gold? The Fed's stimulus policy effectively increases the supply of dollars, hurting the value of the greenback, which has an inverse relationship with the value of gold. Benefits to home builders and banks from Fed bond buys is intuitive: every time the central bank pushes down mortgage rates, it causes a rush of borrowing. The banks make money on the loans and the builders make money on the homes.That's why, even if this week's home sales data reveal stark gains, the stock market is more likely to react to the seconself storageary effect of the data - how it affects the outlook to Fed policy - than to the data itself.Last week, the pendulum swung against the home builders, the banks and the gold miners.The Fed's parade of speakers sounded like they had coordinated their message, said Quincy Krosby at Prudential Financial. They all sounded the same warning to the market, she said: "get ready for tapering". With Fed regional presidents and board members set to speak almost every day this week, "markets are going to want to see if any one of them deviates from what looked like a script", Ms Krosby said."We see no signs of cold feet at the Fed and continue to expect a September tapering," said analysts at brokerage Barclays. In the short term, the Fed's policy shift is likely to dominate all stock market discussion."Earnings season comes to an end by the middle of next week, and I would expect investors and fund managers to start focusing on the upcoming Jackson Hole summit," said Oliver Pursche at Gary Goldberg Financial Services. "That's going to increase volatility because now you have no news and it's just speculation."But some analysts say the market's relationship with the Fed will soon return to the intermittent obsessiveness of the past. With so many factors priced into modern markets, not even the Fed can hold the market's attention forever.This week, July retail sales, which is likely to show marginal growth, may not spark much of a reaction. Nor will traders parse every sentence in earnings reports from big retailers. Once the Fed's new policy is established, however, these are exactly the kinds of reports that may dictate stocks' direction in the last quarter of the year."In prior periods correlation (between Fed policy and stock returns) has consistently declined following Fed policy normalisations, and fundamentals and valuation appear to have a more significant impact on returns," said the Barclays analysts. "Going forward, in a post quantitative easing world, earnings will be the most likely driver of stock performance."In one of the last weeks of a quantitative easing world, the Fed is all that matters.迷你倉

In addition to the 46 tulou included on the World Heritage List, some 23,000 are strewn across a wide area in the vast mountainous regions of Yongding.self storageZhongchuan village in Xiayang town is one of these outposts, but it’s nowhere near as famous as the Hongkeng and Chuxi clusters. The relatively low number of tourists means the village has retained many original features, which gives visitors the feeling they’ve traveled back to ancient times.The narrow, winding alleys are full of surprises. The village is divided by a shallow river, and the dogs that lie on the narrow bridges crossing the wate迷你倉course and bask in the sun show no fear of humans.Although one large tulou has been renovated to serve as a hotel, the others are still inhabited by local people, mainly the elderly.One of the most outstanding is Fuzi Lou, one of the few tulou designed and constructed as a Chinese character. Looking down on the structure one can discern the character fu, which means “blessing”.Zhongchuan is also one of the famous points of departure for Chinese from Fujian province. The village has a population of 2,545, but some 15,000 Chinese who live overseas have their ancestral homes in the village.— He Na文件倉

Source: The Bakersfield CalifornianAug.儲存倉 11--You've witnessed an altercation involving law enforcement. Not only that, you recorded what you saw and you're not sure whether officers used legitimate force or what you've witnessed was an unwarranted beating on the part of police.An officer approaches and says he's going to need your phone as evidence. Or, he even goes so far as to come to your home to tell you to hand it over. What should you do? Do you need to hand it over or can you keep your property?It's a question with no easy answer, one that's been raised locally following the seizure of cellphones from witnesses who said they recorded the struggle between David Sal Silva and law enforcement. The issue is being grappled with across the country as virtually every cellphone in production contains some sort of recording/photography option and people carry them just about everywhere.Local defense attorney Michael C. Lukehart said the seizure of phones in the Silva case is unique in his years of working in Kern County."I haven't seen situations where they go to various and sundry witnesses' homes and knock on the door and take the property of uninvolved citizens because they may have seen something," Lukehart said.Silva, 33, died May 8 after struggling with sheriff's deputies and California Highway Patrol officers. He was bitten by a police dog and struck by batons. An autopsy found he died from hypertensive heart disease and his death was accidental.Two witnesses said they used their cellphones to record the incident. Those witnesses said they were later held against their will in their homes while deputies obtained search warrants for their phones.Sheriff Donny Youngblood has disputed that claim, saying the witnesses were allowed to leave at any time but were not allowed to take their phones with them, as deputies believed the phones contained evidence. Attorney Daniel Rodriguez, who represents those witnesses, has said deputies don't have a right to hold people without a warrant.Kern County sheriff's spokesman Ray Pruitt said the department is making no further comment in regard to Silva's death because of several pending lawsuits.Rodriguez's office filed separate claims recently on behalf of five people who witnessed the Silva incident. Each claim is related to the seizure of two of the witnesses' cellphones by Kern County sheriff's investigators, and also allege unlawful detainment and violation of their First Amendment rights.Lukehart said he thinks deputies took the extra step of going to the homes of witnesses because several deputies were involved in the struggle. He said a citizen's response when confronted by law enforcement in such a situation depends on the exact nature of the circumstances."On the other hand, it's still a free country last I looked," Lukehart said. "You don't have to talk to anybody you don't want to, you don't have to cooperate with law enforcement and you don't have to surrender your personal property."But he added that no one has a right to resist officers who are legitimately investigating a case.People need to be responsible, he said, as does law enforcement, in situations regarding personal property and the collection of information. The law is evolving along with the technology and some questionable areas should become clearer as the courts handle them."With the proliferation of cheap high-quality video and photographic recording in everybody's cellphone, the genie is out of the bottle and you're not going to be stuffing it back in," Lukehart said. "People will be recording everything of interest."Bakersfield police Sgt. Joe Grubbs said there are numerous variables in these types of situations. If police believe someone has videotaped a crime on his or her cellphone, they'll ask for the phone and try to work with the person in order not to seize it as evidence."In most cases we ask for consent," Grubbs said.If a person willingly hands over a phone, an officer can usually upload the needed information relatively quickly from either a patrol car computer or at headquarters, Grubbs said.But if a person refuses to give up his phone and police believe it contains evidence of a crime, then officers can seize it. Grubbs said a search warrant isn't needed at the time officers seize the phone, but one is in order to download information from the device.A phone seized as evidence will take longer to return to its owner than if the person handed it over willingly, Grubbs said. If a person is arrested then his or her belongings, including cellphone, can be searched by police.Grubbs couldn't cite specifics but said it's become more and more common that people are capturing crimes on their phones that officers then need to see.What the law saysCase law has varied widely on whether law enforcement can search cellphones without a warrant. A recent case out of Boston resulted in the 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals vacating the conviction of a man whose cellphone was searched without a warrant following his arrest.In U.S. v. Wurie, the court found in a decision published May 17 that searching defendant Brima Wurie's cellphone without a warrant exceeded the boundaries of the Fourth Amendment, and the government had not shown the search was justified by exigent circumstances or any other exception to the warrant requirement.The case stems from Wurie's arrest in September 2007 after Boston police witnessed what they believed was a drug deal between Wurie and another 迷你倉沙田an, according to a summary included in the court's decision. The other man was stopped by officers, and he told them he'd just bought crack cocaine from Wurie.Officers arrested Wurie on suspicion of distributing crack and took him to the police station. He had keys, more than $1,000 in cash and two cellphones on him.Two officers noticed that one of the cellphones was repeatedly receiving calls from a number identified as "my house." After a few minutes, the officers opened the phone, looked at the call log and found the phone number associated with the "my house" reference.One of the officers used an online white pages directory and typed in the phone number, which revealed Wurie's address, the decision says. The officers went to the apartment and "froze" the scene while they obtained a search warrant.Inside, they found 215 grams of crack cocaine, a gun, ammunition and drug paraphernalia. Wurie was found guilty of several felony charges after a four-day trial, and sentenced to 21 years and 10 months in prison.The appeals court said police overreached in going through Wurie's phone without a warrant. In rendering its decision, the court considered the Fourth Amendment, which protects "the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures."One of the exceptions to the Fourth Amendment allows police to search "the arrestee's person and the area within his immediate control," the court said in quoting Chimel v. California. The 1st Circuit's decision noted that, "In recent years, courts have grappled with the question of whether the search-incident-to-arrest exception extends to data within an arrestee's cell phone."In this case, the court found that the government had no compelling argument for searching the phone without a warrant."We therefore hold that the search-incident-to-arrest exception does not authorize the warrantless search of data on a cell phone seized from an arrestee's person, because the government has not convinced us that such a search is ever necessary to protect arresting officers or preserve destructible evidence," the decision states. "Instead, warrantless cell phone data searches strike us as a convenient way for the police to obtain information related to a defendant's crime of arrest -- or other, as yet undiscovered crimes -- without having to secure a warrant."The appeals court ordered Wurie remanded for further proceedings consistent with their opinion.But other case law -- including U.S. v. Damian Antonio Murphy -- has ruled that law enforcement can conduct a warrantless search of a cellphone. Citing the "manifest need ... to preserve evidence," (U.S. v. Young), the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals held that officers may retrieve text messages and other information from cellphones and pagers seized during an arrest.Attorney opinionsLocal defense attorney Kyle J. Humphrey said he doesn't foresee any changes in how law enforcement seizes evidence until there's further clarification from the courts. He said the issue of privacy rights, despite the furor first surrounding the Silva case, doesn't seem to be as important in Kern County as it does in other parts of the state."Gun rights seem to be the only freedom we care about here," he said.Humphrey said someone who has photographed or recorded something and who is then detained by officers should object to being detained but cooperate. He said if the person leaves the scene with the recording and believes police are involved, he or she should turn it over to an attorney or a news organization.Fred Gagliardini, another local attorney, hopes the Sheriff's Office comes up with a written policy regarding the seizure of property that conforms to the U.S. and California supreme courts and the Fourth Amendment. But he's not optimistic because there have not been changes in county policy following incidents where deputies have been fired and civil lawsuits filed in situations other than cellphone seizures."(These incidents) aren't going to be any less prevalent when the administration doesn't do anything," he said.Gary Bostwick, a defense attorney with Los Angeles-based Bostwick & Jassy LLP, agreed that the seizing of cellphones as evidence is a "very murky area" of the law. He said he's been involved in trials where officers have taken cellphones without a warrant and were able to do so because they said they believed the phones contained important evidence that the owner might destroy.Should people just go along when asked to do something by officers?"I usually tell my clients that if you're confronted by someone with a gun who said to do something, it's always dangerous not to do it," Bostwick said.That includes being detained. Bostwick said police have a right to detain you and ask questions if you witnessed a crime.But even in that situation there are gray areas, Bostwick said. For example, can a person legally be detained for an hour? Two hours?And while it would be nice to have a law that lays out exactly what can and can't be done in all sorts of situations involving being detained by law enforcement, that's a tall order."It would be really difficult to write a law and still maintain the state's right and duty to collect evidence," Bostwick said.Copyright: ___ (c)2013 The Bakersfield Californian (Bakersfield, Calif.) Visit The Bakersfield Californian (Bakersfield, Calif.) at .bakersfield.com Distributed by MCT Information Services迷你倉價錢

Source: Pittsburgh Post-GazetteAug.新蒲崗迷你倉 11--Picture a living building. Is it covered with moss? Do its walls bulge on the inhale?Not at the Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens, they don't. But something equally improbable is happening. The people who work inside the Oakland conservatory's Center for Sustainable Landscapes say they feel closer to nature when they're inside the structure.That's not just a fortunate perk; it's actually good for all sorts of business metrics like productivity, work attendance, retention, creativity and health care costs.The Phipps' center opened in December and is aiming for certification under the Living Building Challenge, a rigorous rating system of sustainability. The building is a super energy-efficient structure with rooftop rain gardens; large, sun-drenched spaces; and a lagoon outside. The difference between walking into the building and standing outside of it isn't great, which is the point.The idea that feeling connected to nature from inside a building would give people a better work environment was intuitive to Phipps' CEO, Richard Piacentini -- and to some extent it passes everyone's gut check. But it's only within the past year or so that he's been able to give it a name: biophilia."We spend about 80 percent of our lives in buildings," he said. "If we're lucky enough to have a window, we can't open it. We have no idea what's going on with temperature, seasons. The idea of a living building is to make some of those connections."Biophilia, a term coined in the 1980s, suggests that people need these links to the natural world in order to maintain mental and physical well-being.Biophilic design, a relatively new field, is making the case that building occupants will be better workers (or students or hospital patients) if they have access to nature. For example, researchers have shown better outcomes for patients given a natural view from their hospital room than for those staring at a garage or a wall. Even people who look at pictures of nature show a benefit over those that don't.The concept really spoke to Mr. Piacentini, and it is now the focus of the first major research program at Phipps.Traditionally, conservatories that are large enough to do their own research focus their efforts on plant and environmental science -- naturally. But Phipps wanted to do something different. It wanted to look at humanity's role in the environment. Humans, after all, initiate conservation efforts. It makes sense to study their behavior in order to better the environment.A quarter of a million people visit Phipps each year. They will be the guinea pigs for this research effort.For example, Phipps is working with students at the University of Pittsburgh's School of Public Health who will start recommending to conservatory visitors which plants they should grow to clean the air in their homes and offices. Such plants -- pothos, spider plants, orchids -- are ubiquitous in the offices of the CSL. If there were any harmful chemicals in the paint or furniture, which there aren't as part of the building's design, the plants would help neutralize them.The students will follow up and report back to Phipps which strategies worked to convince them to try these plants and which didn't.The research won't be about establishing the benefits of biophilia. It will be, at least in part, about how to sell people on those benefits.Molly Steinwald -- who heads Phipps' science, education and research work -- quotes environmental psychologist Peter Kahn to explain how the conservatory found its research purpose: "In fostering the human relationship with nature, we need to pay attention not only to nature, but to human nature."In October, Phipps is launching a biophilia networking group, where people interested in the subject can get together, listen to a presentation and mingle. Mr. Piacentini is hoping to attract biophiliacs from many different disciplines: architects, designers, educators, social workers, museum staff, health professionals.Major biophilia programs are likely to begin next year, Ms. Steinwald said.Dollars and senseBiophilic design is already evident in both new and old buildings, wherever attention is given to natural materials, and how building occupants interact with what's outside the walls. Think Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, or the window wall of REI's SouthSide Works store.In a 2012 analysis called "The Economics mini storagef Biophilia," New York-based consultants Terrapin Bright Green calculated that businesses spend 112 times the amount of money on people as on energy costs, which means investments in making those people happier, healthier, more productive are likely to have even more of an impact on the bottom line than what's usually associated with energy conservation."The cost per square foot of a given corporate office space is overwhelmingly devoted to salary," the report states. "This is precisely where the argument for biophilic design begins to pique the interest of business owners, superintendents, CEOs, policymakers and builders."Sonja Bochart, an interior designer with SmithGroupJJR in Phoenix, says she's able to convince almost anyone she gets in front of about the value of biophilic design."How it works into our buildings is that -- there's obviously the intuitive piece of it -- daylight is good, views are good. But it goes a little bit deeper."Using local materials and knowing where they come from helps building occupants fill in the supply chain from nature to the office. It reinforces the premise that "everything we come in contact with affects our being," she said."With all these studies that are linking it to productivity, wellness -- it's just smart design," Ms. Bochart said.In a recent project for a rehabilitation hospital in Denver, Ms. Bochart used colors and shapes to evoke different natural environments with distinct healing benefits expected for each one.Blues and greens and repeating geometric patterns create the "canopy of Aspen trees" area, a serene and quiet place.A much brighter spot, filled with warm hues and circular shapes, is meant to invite conversation and nurture a feeling of community, "because socialization is important in healing," Ms. Bochart said.According to Terrapin's analysis, reducing the average length of a hospital stay by less than half a day can yield $93 million in reduced hospital costs each year.On some level, Phipps already knew that. In 2012, it formed what is now called Studio Phipps, a landscape design consultancy which helped Magee Womens Hospital plant gardens for employees and patients.At the time, no one at Phipps was using the word biophilia."It just made sense to us," Mr. Piacentini said. "We didn't realize it had a name."It also made sense to have fresh air and natural light at the Center for Sustainable Landscapes, not just because lighting comprises more than 30 percent of the energy load for buildings, but because it makes occupants feel better.Researchers at the Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics at Carnegie Mellon University actually calculated the return on investment for using Venetian blinds to enhance day-lighting and manage temperature. They estimated that by training employees how to position the blinds to maximize sunlight but avoid the glare and heat, a company will experience a 3 percent increase in productivity.Even in retail, biophilia has its place. Studies show consumers are likely to spend more time, buy more and come back more often to shopping environments with trees and lush greenery. They'll even be content to pay more shopping at such places, according to Terrapin.Biophilic artAs ground zero for biophilia in Western Pennsylvania, Phipps is making sure every corner of its Center for Sustainable Landscapes screams the virtues of such practices.In the coming months, Ms. Bochart will be helping Phipps choose biophilic art for its walls.Already, the conservatory has commissioned a sound art installation that will play the sounds of Pittsburgh -- mostly nature, but also some human activity -- along the halls of the CSL.Artist Abby Aresty is wandering around the region, recording the ambiance over a year of seasons.Mr. Piacentini wants the space to be as beautiful and engaging as possible, because if he's going to change minds, he needs to have a compelling sales pitch for people who come to Phipps on their days off mostly to look at pretty flowers."This is still a relatively new idea," he said. "People are really just starting to think about this in their buildings. We really want to push the limits on this. We really want to discover the spirit of the building."Anya Litvak: alitvak@post-gazette.com or 412-263-1455.Copyright: ___ (c)2013 the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Visit the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette at .post-gazette.com Distributed by MCT Information Servicesself storage